1、常用的电线、电缆按用途分有哪些种类？
1. What kind of power cables and cables are used?
答：按用途可分为裸导线、绝缘电线、耐热电线、屏蔽电线、电力电缆、控制电缆、通信电缆、射频电缆等。
Answer: the use can be divided into naked wire, insulated wire, heat-resistant wire, shielded wire, power cable, control cable, communication cable, radio frequency cable, etc.

 
2、绝缘电线有哪几种？
What kinds of insulated wires are there?
答：常有的绝缘电线有以下几种：聚氯乙烯绝缘电线、聚氯乙烯绝缘软线、丁腈聚氯乙烯混合物绝缘软线、橡皮绝缘电线、农用地下直埋铝芯塑料绝缘电线、橡皮绝缘棉纱纺织软线、聚氯乙烯绝缘尼龙护套电线、电力和照明用聚氯乙烯绝缘软线等。
Answer: often the insulated wire has the following kinds: PVC insulated wire, PVC insulated flexible wire, nitrile soft PVC compounds insulation wire, rubber insulated wire, agricultural underground buried plastic insulation aluminum core wire, rubber insulation cotton textile soft wire, PVC insulated nylon sheathed wire, electric power and lighting soft PVC insulated wire and so on.

 
3、电缆桥架适合于何种场合？
3. What kind of place is the cable bridge?
答：电缆桥架适用于一般工矿企业室内外架空敷设电力电缆、控制电缆，亦可用于电信、广播电视等部门在室内外架设。
Answer: the cable bridge is suitable for the installation of power cable and control cable in the indoor and outdoor space of general industrial and mining enterprises, and it can also be used in the setting up of the departments such as telecommunication and broadcast television.

 
4、电缆附件有哪些？
What are the cable accessories?
答：常用的电附件有电缆终端接线盒、电缆中间接线盒、连接管及接线端子、钢板接线槽、电缆桥架等。
Answer: the commonly used electrical accessories have cable terminal terminal box, cable intermediate junction box, connecting pipe and wiring terminal, steel plate connection slot, cable bridge, etc.

 
5、什么叫电缆中间接头？
5. What is the middle connection of cable?
答：连接电缆与电缆的导体、绝缘屏蔽层和保护层，以使电缆线路连接的装置，称为电缆中间接头。
Answer: the conductor, insulation shielding layer and protective layer connecting cable and cable, to make cable line connection device, called the cable intermediate joint.

 
6、什么叫电气主接线？
6. What is the electrical main wiring?
答：电气主接线是发电厂、变电所中主要电气设备和母线的连接方式，包括主母线和厂用电系统按一定的功能要求的连接方式。
Answer: electrical main wiring is the connection mode of main electrical equipment and bus line in power plant and substation, including the main bus and plant power system according to certain function requirements.

 
7、在选择电力电缆的截面时，应遵照哪些规定？
7. What rules should be followed when selecting the section of power cable?
答：电力电缆的选择应遵照以下原则：
Answer: the choice of power cable should comply with the following principles:
（1）电缆的额定电压要大于或等于安装点供电系统的额定电压；
(1) the rated voltage of the cable shall be greater than or equal to the rated voltage of the installation point power supply system;
（2）电缆持续容许电流应等于或大于供电负载的最大持续电流；
(2) the continuous permissible current of the cable shall be equal to or greater than the maximum continuous current of the power supply;
（3）线芯截面要满足供电系统短路时的稳定性的要求；
(3) the linear core section shall meet the requirement of the stability of the short circuit of the power supply system;
（4）根据电缆长度验算电压降是否符合要求；
(4) whether the voltage drop of the cable length is met the requirement;
（5）线路末端的最小短路电流应能使保护装置可靠的动作。
(5) the minimum short circuit current at the end of the line should enable the protection device to act reliably.

 
8、交联聚乙烯电缆和油纸电缆比较有哪些优点？
8. What are the advantages of crosslinked polyethylene cable and oilpaper cable?
答：（1）易安装，因为它允许最小弯曲半径小、且重量轻；
Answer: (1) easy installation, because it allows the minimum bending radius to be small and lightweight;
（2）不受线路落差*；
(2) not subject to the line deviation *;
（3）热性能好，允许工作温度高、传输容量大；
(3) good thermal performance, allowing high working temperature and high transmission capacity;
（4）电缆附件简单，均为干式结构；
(4) the cable accessories are simple and are all dry structure;
（5）运行维护简单，无漏油问题；
(5) operation and maintenance is simple, no oil leakage problem;
（6）价格较低；
(6) lower prices;
（7）可靠性高、故障率低；
(7) low reliability and low failure rate;
（8）制造工序少、工艺简单，经济效益显著。
(8) small manufacturing process, simple process and remarkable economic benefits.

 
9、固定交流单芯电缆的夹具有什么要求？为什么？
9. What are the requirements for the clamping of fixed ac single-core cables? Why is that?
答：夹具应无铁件构成闭合磁路，这是因为当电缆线芯通过电流时，在其周围产生磁力线，磁力线与通过线芯的电流大小成正比，若使用铁件等导磁材料，根据电磁感应可知，将在铁件中产生涡流使电缆发热，甚至烧坏电缆。所以不可使用铁件作单芯交流电缆的固定夹具。
A: fixture should be no iron constitute a closed magnetic circuit, this is because when the cable core by current, produced in the surrounding magnetic field lines, the lines of magnetic force and core through the line current is proportional to the size, if the use of magnetic material such as iron, according to electromagnetic induction, will produce eddy current in iron making cable fever, even burning cables. Do not use the iron piece as a single core ac cable fixed fixture.

 
10、以下的热缩电缆头的附件的最大特点和优点是什么？
What are the characteristics and advantages of the attachment of the heat-shrinkable cable head below 10?
答：热缩附件的最大特点是用应力管代替传统的应力锥，它不仅简化了施工工艺，还缩小了接头的终端的尺寸，安装方便，省时省工，性能优越，节约金属。热缩电缆附件集灌注式和干包式为一体，集合了这两种附件的优点。
A: heat shrinkable accessories one of the biggest characteristic is to use the stress pipe instead of the traditional stress cone, it not only simplifies the construction process, also reduce the size of the connector terminals, installation is convenient, save work time saving, superior performance, saving the metal. The heat-shrinkable cable accessories and dry package are integrated, and the advantages of these two accessories are set.

 
11、电缆敷设前应进行哪些检查工作？
11. What inspections should be conducted before the cable is laid?
答：(1)支架应齐全、油漆完整。
Answer: (1) the bracket should be complete, the paint is complete.
(2)电缆型号、电压、规格符合设计。
(2) the cable model, voltage and specification are in conformity with the design.
(3)电缆绝缘良好，当对油纸电缆的密封有怀疑时，应进行受潮判断；直埋电缆与小底电缆应经直流耐压试难合格；充油电缆的油样应试验合格。
(3) the cable is well insulated and should be judged when there is doubt about the sealing of oil-paper cable; The direct buried cable and the small cable shall be qualified through the dc withstand test. Oil - filled cable should be tested.
(4)充油电缆的油压不宜低于1.47MPa。
(4) oil pressure of oil filling cable should not be less than 1.47 MPa.

 
21、交联热收缩电缆附件有哪些优点？
21. What are the advantages of cross-linking thermal contraction cable accessories?
答：这是一种新型材料，它与现在其他类型附件比较具有电气性能优越、体积小、质量小、安装简便、材料配套等优点，另外还具有耐气候、抗污秽性、阻燃自熄等能力。
A: this is a new type of material, it compared with other types of accessories now has superior electrical properties, small volume, low quality, easy installation, and the advantages of form a complete set of materials, in addition also has the climate resistance, resistance to uncleanness, flame retardant from extinguish, etc.

 
12、对油纸绝缘电力电缆密封有怀疑时，如何用较简单的办法检查电缆绝缘纸是否受潮？
12. When there is doubt about the sealing of oil-paper insulated power cable, how to check the cable insulation paper in a simpler way?
答：把电缆绝缘纸点燃或放入150℃左右的电缆油中检查，无“嘶嘶”声或白色泡沫出现，说明未受潮。
A: put the cable insulation paper light or in the cable oil check of around 150 ℃, no "hiss" sound or white bubble, not be affected with damp be affected with damp.

 
13、电缆标志牌应注明什么内容？编写有何要求？
13. What should be indicated in the cable sign? What are the requirements for writing?
答：标志牌上应注明电缆线路设计编号、电缆型号、规格及始点，并联使用的电缆应有顺序号。要求字迹清晰、不易脱落。
A: the cable line design number, cable type, specification and starting point should be indicated on the sign. The cable shall be in serial number. Require clear handwriting, easy to fall off.

 
14、直埋电缆的方位标志应设置在哪些位置？
14. Where should the directional marks of the direct buried cable be located?
答：在电缆两端，电缆直线段50~100m处电缆接头几电缆改变方向的弯角处。
Answer: at the end of the cable, the cable in line segment 50 ~ 100m cable joint several cables to change the direction of the corner.

 
15、制作电缆接头用的黄腊绸带、黑玻璃漆带、无碱玻璃丝带等，施工前如何进行排潮处理？
15. How to arrange the discharge treatment before construction, such as the yellow ribbon, the black glass paint belt and the non-alkali glass ribbon?
答：
A:
（1）恒温干燥法：将绝缘带卷成直径为25~30mm小卷，放入110~120℃恒温干燥箱内烘4~5h，冷却干取出，放入干燥的密封筒内。
(1) constant temperature drying: will be insulated coil into 25 ~ 30 mm diameter smaller volumes, in the 110 ~ 120 ℃ constant temperature drying oven drying within 4 ~ 5 h, cooling dry out and placed in dry sealed chamber.
（2）油浸排潮法：将绝缘带小卷放入恒温在120~130℃的电缆油中，离锅底保持30mm距离，经一定时间后油面不再产生泡沫后取出，装入贮有电缆油的桶中，油位应超过所有装入的物体并将其密封。
(2) in oil moisture removal method: will be insulated with small volume in a constant temperature in the cable oil of 120 ~ 130 ℃, keep a 30 mm distance from the bottom of the pot, after a certain period of time the oil level no longer produces bubbles out, in a cable of barrels of oil storage and oil level should be more than all the loaded object and seal it.

 
16、电缆外护层的作用是什么？
16. What is the role of the outer layer of the cable?
答：保护内护层不受机械损伤和化学腐蚀，增强机械强度。
Answer: protect inner protecting layer from mechanical damage and chemical corrosion, enhance mechanical strength.

 
17、室外电缆沟应符合哪些要求？
What are the requirements for outdoor cable trench?
答：电缆沟上部应比地面稍高，加盖用混凝土制作的盖板，电缆应平敷在支架上，有良好的排水管。
A: the upper part of the cable trench should be slightly higher than the ground, with the cover made of concrete, the cable should be applied to the bracket, and there are good drainage pipes.

 
18、电缆内护层的作用是什么？
18. What is the role of the inner layer of the cable?
答；使绝缘层不会与水、空气或其他物体接触，防止绝缘受潮和绝缘层不受机械伤害。
A; The insulation layer will not contact with water, air or other objects to prevent insulation and insulation from mechanical damage.

 
19、使用钢丝钳时应注意些什么？
What should you pay attention to when using wire pliers?
答：使用前，一定要检查绝缘柄的绝缘是否完好无损，使用时不可用钢丝钳剪切超过规格所允许的金属线材，并禁止用钢丝钳代替锤子敲打工具，以免损坏。
Answer: before use, be sure to check whether the insulation of the insulated handle intact, is not available when using cutters cut more than allowed by the specification of metal wire, and prohibited from use combination pliers instead of a hammer tools, so as to avoid damage.

 
20、什么叫绝缘强度？
20. What is the insulation strength?
答：绝缘物质在电场中，当电场强度增大到某一极限时就会被击穿，这个导致绝缘击穿的电场强度称为绝缘强度。
A: in the electric field, the electric field strength of the electric field will be penetrated when the strength of the electric field increases to a certain limit. The electric field strength which leads to insulation breakdown is called the insulation strength.

 
22、对电缆导体连接点的机械强度有何要求？
22. What are the mechanical strength requirements for cable conductor connection points?
答：连接点的机械强度，一般低于电缆导体本身的抗拉强度，对于固定敷设的电力电缆，其连接点的抗拉强度要求不低于导体本身抗拉强度的60%。
Answer: join mechanical strength, generally lower than the tensile strength of cable conductor itself, for fixed installation of power cable, the tensile strength of the connection requirements of less than 60% of the tensile strength of conductor itself.

 
23、电力电缆的绝缘层材料应具备哪些主要性能？
23. What are the main properties of insulating layer materials for power cables?
答；应具备下列主要性能：
A; The following main properties should be met:
（1）高的击穿强度；
(1) high breakdown strength;
（2）低的介质损耗；
(2) low dielectric losses;
（3）相当高的绝缘电阻；
(3) high insulation resistance;
（4）优良的耐放电性能；
(4) excellent discharge resistance;
（5）具有一定的柔软性和机械强度；
(5) having certain softness and mechanical strength;
（6）绝缘性能长期稳定。
(6) long-term stability of insulation performance.

 
24、机械敷设电缆时，牵引强度有何规定？
24. What are the requirements for traction strength when laying a cable?
答：对于铜芯电缆，当牵引头部时，允许牵引强度为70N/cm；对于铝芯电缆，当牵引头部时，允许牵引强度为40N/cm；若利用钢丝网套牵引时，铅护套电缆允许强度为10N/cm；
Answer: for the copper core cable, when pulling the head, the allowable traction strength is 70N/cm; For aluminum core cable, when the head is pulled, the traction strength is 40N/cm; If the steel wire mesh is used, the strength of the lead sheath cable is 10N/cm.
铅护套电缆为40N/cm。
Lead sheathed cable is 40N/cm.

 
25、对电缆保护管有何规定？
What are the regulations on cable protection?
答：（1）电缆需要穿保护管敷设时，管子内径不应小于电缆外径的1.5倍，混凝土管、陶土管、石棉、水泥管的内径不应小于100mm；
Answer: (1) the inner diameter of the pipe should not be less than 1.5 times of the outer diameter of the cable, and the inner diameter of the concrete pipe, clay pipe, asbestos and cement pipe should not be less than 100mm.
（2）电缆管的弯曲半径应符合所穿入电缆弯曲半径的规定；
(2) the bending radius of the cable tube shall conform to the rules of the bending radius of the cable in which it is inserted;
（3）每根管子最多不应超过三个弯头，直角弯不应多于2个。
(3) each pipe should not exceed three corners, and no more than two corners.

 
26、如何测量电缆护套的外径？
26. How to measure the outer diameter of the cable sheath?
答：在护套圆周上均匀分布的五点处，测量护套外径和其平均值，其平均外径既为护套的外径。
Answer: at five points evenly distributed on the circumference of the sheath, the outer diameter of the sheath and its average value are measured. The average outer diameter of the sheath is the outer diameter of the sheath.

 
27、不同截面的铜芯电缆如何连接？
27. How to connect the copper core cables of different sections?
答：不同截面的铜芯电缆连接，可采用开口弱背铜接管，以锡焊法连接，也可用纯铜棒按不同的截面要求连接成铜接管，以压接法连接。
Answer: the copper core cable connection of different sections can be taken over by the open and weak back copper, with solder joint, and the copper rod can be connected to the copper receiver according to the different sections.

 
28、简述10KV交联电缆热缩式制作户内终端头的过程？
28. Describe the process of the end head of 10KV crosslinked cable heating system?
答；（1）准备阶段：检查热缩电缆附件是否齐备，型号是否相配，检查并确认电缆有无潮气后，检查电缆。
A; (1) preparation phase: check whether the attachment of the heat-shrinkable cable is in place, the model is matched, check and confirm that the cable is out of moisture and check the cable.
（2）切除多余电缆，根据现场情况决定电缆长度。
(2) remove redundant cable and determine cable length according to the scene.
（3）剥除护层。
(3) stripping the armor.
（4）焊接接地线，将接地线焊接在钢带上。
(4) weld the grounding wire and weld the ground wire to the steel belt.
（5）填充三叉口及绕包密封胶。
(5) fill the three forklift and wrap the sealant.
（6）安装三芯分支护套，将护套套入根部，从中部开始收缩，先往根部，再往指部。
(6) install the three-core branch sheath, cover the sheath into the root, and start to shrink from the middle, first to the root and then to the finger.
（7）剥铜 带和外半导电层，剥切三芯分支套口20mm以上的铜带，严禁损伤主绝缘，清除干净半导电层。
(7) stripping the copper strip and the outer half conductive layer, stripping the copper belt of the core of the three-core branch by 20mm, the damage of the main insulation shall be strictly forbidden, and the clean and semi-conductive layer shall be removed.
（8）安装应力管，管口端部分支套对接后热缩。
(8) install the stress tube, and the butt end of the pipe ends after butt joint.
（9）安装接线端子。
(9) install the terminal.
（10）安装绝缘管。
(10) install insulating tubes.
（11）安装密封管。
(11) install the sealing pipe.
（12）核相后安装相色管。
(12) after the nuclear phase, the phase color tube shall be installed.

 
29、户内、户外预制式终端安装步骤有哪些？
29. What are the installation steps of indoor and outdoor pre-made terminal?
答：(1) 将电缆按预定位置就位、固定、清洁表面，参照说明书剥除外护套，如有特殊需要，外护套剥切长度可调整，分别由铜带、外护套铠装引出2组地线。
Answer: (1) to a predetermined position in place, the cable fixed, clean surface, reference manual peel except sheath, if there are any special needs, outer sheath, cutting length can be adjusted respectively by copper belt, outer sheath armoured ground leads to two groups.
(2) 由外护套口向上量取需要尺寸，切除多余电缆，套入热缩三指套至三叉口根部由中间加热收缩，由指套上口向上量取规定尺寸(35kv为350~380mm)。去掉多余铜带(保留20mm)，再保留半导体预定位置，压接出线端子密封。
(2) it is required to take the size of the outer sheath, remove the redundant cable, and set the three finger sleeve to the base of the three forklift to be contracted by heating in the middle, and the specified size (35kv is 350 ~ 380mm) from the upper mouth of the sleeve. Remove the excess copper (20mm) and retain the semi-conductor position and press the outlet terminal seal.

 
30、电线电缆的应用主要分为三大类 ：
30. The application of wire and cable is divided into three main categories:

 
(1)、电力系统
(1) power system
电力系统采用的电线电缆产品主要有架空裸电线、汇流排（母线）、电力电缆（塑料线缆、油纸力缆（基本被塑料电力电缆代替）、橡套线缆、架空绝缘电缆）、分支电缆（取代部分母线）、电磁线以及电力设备用电气装备电线电缆等。
Power system used in wire and cable products mainly include overhead bare wires, bus (bus), power cable, power cable (plastic cable, the paper (basic) they were replaced by plastic power cables, rubber sets of cables, overhead insulated cables), branch cable to partly replace bus (), electromagnetic wire, and power equipment with electrical wire and cable equipment, etc.

 
(2)、信息传输系统
(2) information transmission system
用于信息传输系统的电线电缆主要有市话电缆、电视电缆、电子线缆、射频电缆、光纤缆、数据电缆、电磁线、电力通讯或其他复合电缆等。
The main wire and cable used in information transmission system are local cable, TV cable, electronic cable, rf cable, fiber optic cable, data cable, electromagnetic wire, electric power communication or other composite cables, etc.

 
(3)、机械设备、仪器仪表系统
(3) mechanical equipment and instrumentation system
此部分除架空裸电线外几乎其他所有产品均有应用，但主要是电力电缆、电磁线、数据电缆、仪器仪表线缆等。
This part is used in almost all other products except overhead wires, but mainly power cable, electromagnetic wire, data cable, instrument cable and so on.

 

 
31、电线电缆产品主要分为五大类：
31. There are five main types of wire and cable products:

 
(1)、裸电线及裸导体制品
(1) bare wire and naked conductor products
本类产品的主要特征是：纯的导体金属，无绝缘及护套层，如钢芯铝绞线、铜铝汇流排、电力机车线等；加工工艺主要是压力加工，如熔炼、压延、拉制、绞合/紧压绞合等；产品主要用在城郊、农村、用户主线、开关柜等。
The main characteristics of this kind of products are: pure conductor metal, no insulation and sheath layer, such as steel core aluminum strand, copper aluminum bus, electric locomotive wire, etc. The processing technology is mainly pressure processing, such as smelting, rolling, drawing, twisting and pressing, etc. Products mainly used in the suburbs, rural areas, user mainline, switch cabinets and so on.

 

 
(2)、电力电缆
(2) power cables
本类产品主要特征是：在导体外挤（绕）包绝缘层，如架空绝缘电缆，或几芯绞合（对应电力系统的相线、零线和地线），如二芯以上架空绝缘电缆，或再增加护套层，如塑料/橡套电线电缆。主要的工艺技术有拉制、绞合、绝缘挤出（绕包）、成缆、铠装、护层挤出等，各种产品的不同工序组合有一定区别。
This kind of product main features are: the crowded outside the conductor insulation (around) package, such as overhead insulated cable, or a few core stranded (corresponding to the power system of phase line and zero line and ground), such as more than two core overhead insulated cable, or add sheath layer, such as plastic/rubber wire and cable. The main technological techniques include drawing, stranding, insulation extrusion (wrapping), cable, armor and layer extrusion, etc. Different process combinations of various products are different.
产品主要用在发、配、输、变、供电线路中的强电电能传输，通过的电流大（几十安至几千安）、电压高（220V至500kV及以上）。
The products are mainly used in transmission, distribution, transmission, transformer and power supply lines. The electric current is large (tens of thousands of thousands of Antilles) and high voltage (220V to 500kV and above).

 
(3)、电气装备用电线电缆
(3) electrical equipment with wire and cable
该类产品主要特征是：品种规格繁多，应用范围广泛，使用电压在1kV及以下较多，面对特殊场合不断衍生新的产品，如耐火线缆、阻燃线缆、低烟无卤/低烟低卤线缆、防白蚁、防老鼠线缆、耐油/耐寒/耐温/耐磨线缆、医用/农用/矿用线缆、薄壁电线等。
Such products, the main characteristics are: various specifications, application range, use voltage in 1 kv and below is more, to derive new products constantly, in the face of special occasions, such as fireproof cables, flame retardant cable, low smoke zero halogen/against termites, low smoke low halogen cable, mouse cable, oil/cold/heat resistance, abrasion resistance cable, medical/farm/mining cable, thin wire, etc.

 
(4)、通讯电缆及光纤（简略介绍）
(4) communication cables and optical fibers (brief introduction)
随着近二十多年来，通讯行业的飞速发展，产品也有惊人的发展速度。从过去的简单的电话电报线缆发展到几千对的话缆、同轴缆、光缆、数据电缆，甚至组合通讯缆等。
With the rapid development of the communication industry in the past 20 years, the products have also developed at an alarming rate. From the simple telephone cables of the past to thousands of pairs of cables, coaxial cables, optical cables, data cables, even composite cables, etc.
该类产品结构尺寸通常较小而均匀，制造精度要求高。
The structure size of this kind of product is usually small and uniform, and the manufacturing precision is high.

 
(5)、电磁线（绕组线）
(5) electromagnetic wire (winding wire)
主要用于各种电机、仪器仪表等。
Mainly used for various kinds of motors, instruments and instruments.
电线电缆的衍生/新产品
Derivatives/new products of wire and cable
电线电缆的衍生/新产品主要是因应用场合、应用要求不同及装备的方便性和降低装备成本等的要求，而采用新材料、特殊材料、或改变产品结构、或提高工艺要求、或将不同品种的产品进行组合而产生。
Wire and cable derivative/new products is mainly due to the application of different requirements and equipment applications, convenience and reduce the equipment cost and other requirements, and use new materials, special materials, or change the product structure, improve the technological requirements, or will produce different varieties of products are combined.
采用不同材料如阻燃线缆、低烟无卤/低烟低卤线缆、防白蚁、防老鼠线缆、耐油/耐寒/耐温线缆等；
Using different materials such as flame retardant cable, low smoke free halogen/low smoke low halogen cable, anti-termite, anti-rat cable, oil resistant/cold-resistant/temperature-resistant cable, etc.
改变产品结构如：耐火电缆等；
Change the product structure such as: fire-resistant cable, etc.
提高工艺要求如：医用线缆等；
Improve process requirements such as: medical cable, etc.
组合产品如：OPGW等；
Portfolio products such as: OPGW, etc.
方便安装和降低装备成本如：预制分支电缆等。
Easy to install and reduce equipment costs such as: prefabricated branch cable.

 
32、母线装置施工完，应进行哪些检查？
32. After the completion of the busbar installation, what should be done?
答：应进行下列检查：
A: the following inspections shall be conducted:
(1)金属构件的加工、配制、焊接螺接应符合规定；
(1) the processing, preparation and welding of metal components shall meet the requirements;
(2)各部螺栓、垫圈、开口销等零部件应齐全可靠；
(2) the parts such as bolts, washers and cotter pins should be fully reliable;
(3)母线配制及安装架应符合规定，相间及对地电气距离符合要求；
(3) the wiring and installation of the bus shall comply with the requirements;
(4)瓷件、铁件及胶合处应完整，充油套管应无渗油，油位正常；
(4) the porcelain parts, the iron parts and the gluing shall be complete, the oil filling sleeve shall be free of oil and the oil level is normal;
(5)油漆完整，相色正确，接地良好。
(5) the paint is complete, the color is correct and the ground is good.

 
33、在35kv及以下电力电缆接头中，改善其护套断开处电场分布的方法有几种(请列出五种)，并简述其方法。
33. There are several ways to improve the distribution of electric fields in the power cables of 35kv and below (please list the five types) and describe the methods.
答：(1)胀喇叭口：在铅包割断处把铅包边缘撬起，成喇叭状，其边缘应光滑、圆整、对称。
Answer: (1) bulge flare mouth: the lead bag is cut at the edge of the lead bag to lift, the horn shape, its edges should be smooth, round, symmetrical.
(2)预留统包绝缘：在铅包切口至电缆芯线分开点之间留有一段统包绝缘纸。
(2) reserved traditional insulation: a piece of unwrapped insulation paper is left between the cut of lead and the parting of the cable core.
(3)切除半导电纸：将半导电纸切除到喇叭口以下。
(3) remove half conductive paper: remove the semi-conductive paper to the mouth of the horn.
(4)包绕应力锥：用绝缘包带和导电金属材料包成锥形，人为地将屏蔽层扩大，以改善电场分布。
(4) wrap around the stress cone: it is conical with insulation and conductive metal material, and the shielding layer is artificially expanded to improve the distribution of electric field.
(5)等电位法：对于干包型或交联聚乙烯电缆头，在各线芯概况绝缘表面上包一段金属带，并将其连接在一起。
(5) equipotential method: for dry packet type or crosslinked polyethylene cable head, a metal strip is wrapped in the insulation surface of the core profile of each line, and it is connected together.
(6)装设应力控制管：对于35kv及发下热缩管电缆头，首先从线芯铜屏蔽层末端方向经半导体带至线芯绝缘概况包绕2层半导体带，然后将相应规格折应力管，套在铜屏蔽的末端处，热缩成形。
(6) furnish the stress control tube: for hair heat shrinkable tube under 35 kv cable head, first of all, from the end of the wire core copper shield direction through semiconductor to wire core insulation situation surrounding the 2 layers of semiconductor band, then the corresponding specification folding stress pipe, set at the end of the copper shield, hot forming.

 

 
34、电缆支架的加工应符合哪些要求？
What are the requirements for the processing of cable supports?
答：(1)钢材应平直，无明显扭曲，下料误差应在5mm范围内，切口应无卷边，毛剌；
Answer: (1) the steel should be straight, without obvious distortion, the lower material error should be within 5mm, and the incision should be no crimping side, and the burr;
(2)支架应焊接牢固，无显蓍变形，各横撑间的垂直净距与设计偏差不应大于5mm；
(2) the brackets shall be welded firmly and no deformation of the yarrow, and the vertical spacing and design deviation shall not be greater than 5mm;
(3)金属支架必须进行防腐处理，位于湿热、盐、雾以及有化学腐蚀地区时，应根据设计作特殊的防腐处理。
(3) metal scaffolds must be embalmed, and should be treated with special antisepsis according to the design, in the areas of hot, humid, salt, fog and chemical corrosion.